EXPLORATION AND INVENTORY OF ARACEAE AT MT. BAGALBAL, PHILIPPINES

Authors

  • Mary Edmavette B. Lagua-Fuentes Musuan Instegrated School, Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon, Philippines 8710
  • Edgar M. Anud Jr. Goose Creek High School, Goose Creek City, South Carolina 29445, USA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58885/ijees.v11i1.58.meblf

Keywords:

araceae, conservation status, distribution pattern, ecological status

Abstract

This study investigated the taxonomy and distribution pattern of Araceae species at Mt. Bagalbal, Sitio Migtulod, Barangay Mt. Nebo, Valencia City Bukidnon, Philippines as well as their ecological and conservation status. Araceae are highly diverse in life form at Mt. Bagalbal which comprises of thirteen (13) species under three (3) subfamilies, with Monsteroideae having the greatest number of species, followed by Aroideae and Pothoideae as the lowest. The Araceae flora from Mt. Bagalbal's species distribution pattern revealed a distinct and unambiguous dispersal of the majority of the angiosperms. Out of thirteen (13) species collected, two (2) species were ecologically classified as both endemic and native in the Philippines, eight (8) species were native and one (1) species was naturalized. In terms of conservation status, one (1) species has no data because it was not identified, nine (9) species were data deficient (DD), one (1) is Least Concern (LC), one (1) is Near Threatened (NT) and one (1) is vulnerable (VU) and it is the Alocasia zebrina.

References

Altrichter, M., Saenz, J., Carillo, E., & Fuller, T. (2000). Dieta estacional del Tayassu pecari (Artiodactyla; Tayassuidae) en el Parque Nacional Corcovado, Costa Rica [Seasonal diet of the Tayassu pecari (Artiodactyla: Tayassuidae) in Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica]. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 48(2–3), 689–702.

Backer, C.A and R.C. Bakhuizen. 1965. Flora of Java, Vol. III. Leyden: The Rijksherbarium

Balcázar-Vargas, M. P. (2013). From forest floor to the canopy: Life history of secondary Hemiepiphytes (Heteropsis species) in the Colombian Amazon [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Utrecht.

Barabé, D., Lacroix, C., Bruneau, A., Archambault, A., & Giberneau, M. (2004). Floral development and phylogenetic position of Schismatoglottis (Araceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences, 165(1), 173–189. https://doi.org/10.1086/380980

Barbosa, J. F., Sakuragui, C. M., & Rodrigues, D. (2019). Pollination of Philodendron propinquum Schott (Araceae): A new pattern in the lineage Philodendron. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 180(2), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.1086/700970

Beath, D. (1999). Dynastine scarab beetle pollination in Dieffenbachia longispatha (Araceae) on Barro Colorado Island (Panama) compared with La Selva Biological Station (Costa Rica). Aroideana – Journal of the International Aroid Society, 22, 63–71.

Between Leaves and Shapes: A Journey to the Universe of Araceae - Google Arts & Culture. (n.d.). Google Arts & Culture.

https://artsandculture.google.com/story/between-leaves-and-shapes-a-journey-to-the-universe-of-araceae-inhotim/ygXx2TllLwcaLg?hl=en

Biodiversity Philippine Clearing House Mechanism. (2022, March 5). Philippine Clearing House Mechanism. http://www.philchm.ph/status-of-philippine-biodiversity

Blanco, M. A., & Jiménez, J. E. (2019). Duckweeds (Araceae: Lemnoideae) growing on wet, vertical rocks behind a waterfall in Costa Rica, with a new country record of Wolffiella oblonga (Phil.) Hegelm. Adansonia, 41(1), 193–200. https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2019v41a15

Bleiweiss, R., Sornoza-Molina, F., Freire, E., & Croat, T. B. (2019). Bird visitation to a high Andean Anthurium (Araceae) in eastern Ecuador. Flora, 255, 80–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2019.02.010

Bogner, J., & Hesse, M. (2005). Zamioculcadoideae, a new subfamily of Araceae. Aroideana – Journal of the International Aroid Society, 28, 320.

Bogner, J., & Nicolson, D. H. (1991). A revised classification of Araceae with dichotomous keys. Willdenowia, 21, 35–50.

Bogner, J., & Nusbaumer, L. (2012). A new species of Carlephyton (Araceae) from northern Madagascar with notes on the species of this genus. Willdenowia, 42, 209–217. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.42.42206

Castaño-Rubiano, N. (2011). Revisíon taxonómica de Stenospermation (Araceae) paraColombia [Taxonomic revision of Stenospermation (Araceae) in Colombia] [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Universidad Nacional de Colombia.

Chen, J., Henny, R.J. and Liao, F. (2007). AROIDS ARE IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANTS. Acta Hortic. 756, 347-354

https://www.actahort.org/books/756/756_37.htm

Croat, T. B. (1979). The distribution of Araceae. In K. Larsen & L. B. Holm-Nielsen (Eds.), Tropical botany (pp. 291–308). Academic Press.

Croat, T. B. (2019). Araceae, a family with great potential. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 104(1), 3–9.

https://doi.org/10.3417/2018213

Croat, T. B., & Delannay, X. (2017). A revision of Xanthosoma (Araceae). Part 3. Guianas. Aroideana – Journal of the International Aroid Society, 40(2), 582–648.

Croat, T. B., Delannay, X., & Hannon, L. P. (2017). A revision of Xanthosoma (Araceae). Part 1. Western South America. Aroideana – Journal of the International Aroid Society, 40(2), 4–503.

Croat, T. B., Delannay, X., & Ortiz, O. (2017). A revision of Xanthosoma (Araceae). Part 2. Central America. Aroideana – Journal of the International Aroid Society, 40(2),504–581.

Cusimano, N., Bogner, J., Mayo, S. J., Boyce, P. C., Wong, S. Y., Hesse, M., Hetterscheid, W. L.,Keating, R. C., & French, J. C. (2011). Relationships within the araceae: Comparison of morphological patterns with molecular phylogenies.

American Journal of Botany,98 (4), 654668. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1000158

Dempsey, C. (2023). Endemic, Native, Non-native, and Invasive Species. Geography Realm. https://www.geographyrealm.com/endemic-native-non-native-and-invasive-species/

DENR Administrative Order. 2017. Updated national list of threatened Philippine plantsand their categories. DAO 2017-11

Díaz-Jiménez, P., Hentrich, H., Aguilar-Rodríguez, P. A., Krömer, A., Chartier, M., MacSwiney, M. C., & Gibernau, M. (2019). A review of the pollination of aroids with bisexual flowers. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 104(1), 83–104. https://doi.org/10.3417/2018219

Fernando E, Bande M, Piollo R, Sopot D, Dolotina N, Granert W. (2009). Dipterocarpaceae of Bohol Island, Philippines. Asia LifeSciences (18)121-138.

Grayum MH. (1990). Evolution and Phylogeny of the Araceae. Annals of Missouri Botanical

Hay, A. 1996. The Genus Schismatoglottis Zoll. & Moritzi (Araceae: Schismatoglottideae) in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Sandakania 7: 1-30.

Henriquez, C. L., Abdullah, Ahmed, I., Carlsen, M. H., Zuluaga, A., Croat, T. B., & McKain, M. R. (2020). Evolutionary dynamics of chloroplast genomes in subfamily Aroideae (Araceae). Genomics, 112(3), 2349–2360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.01.006

Hilder, D. (2020, April 26). Awesome Aroids: The Araceae Family. The Plant Runner.

https://theplantrunner.com/blogs/the-plant-runner-blog/awesome-aroids-the-araceae-family

Introduction to Floriculture Introduction Ornamental plants and flowers are associated with our civilization since time|Course Hero (2021, July 17). https://www.coursehero.com/%20file/100706498/kegr101pdf/

IUCN. (2022). Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version15. https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/RedListGuidelines.pdf

Lee, D. W., & Richards, J. H. (1991). Heteroblastic development in vines. In F.E. Putz & H. A. Mooney (Eds.), The biology of vines (pp. 205–244). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511897658.010

Madison, M. T. (1977a). A revision of Monstera (Araceae). Harvard University Herbaria.

Mayo, S. J., Bogner, J., & Boyce, P. C. (1997). The genera of Araceae. Royal Botanic Gardens.

Medecilo, M. P., & Madulid, D. A. (2013). A review of the taxonomy and taxonomic characters of Philippine Alocasia (Schott) G. Don (Araceae).

Milet-Pinheiro, P., Gonçalves, E. G., Navarro, D. M. A. F., Nuñez-Avellaneda, L. A., & Maia, A. C. D. (2017). Floral scent chemistry and pollination in the Neotropical aroid genus Xanthosoma (Araceae). Flora, 231, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2017.03.006

Nauheimer, L., Boyce, P. C., & Renner, S. S. (2012). Giant Taro and its relatives: A phylogeny of the largegenus Alocasia (Araceae) sheds light on Miocene floristic exchange in the Malesianregion. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 63 (1), 43 51.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.011.

Nguyen, V. D., Dinh, Q. D., Ha, M. T., Quang, B. H., & Boyce, P. C. (2019). A new species of Anadendrum (Araceae – Anadendreae) from Vietnam. Blumea, 64(2), 190–193. https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.02.11

Nugroho, B. A., & Santika, Y. (2008). Exploration and Inventory of Araceae Genera in Silui Mountain and Uluisimbone Forest, Kolaka Regency, South-East Sulawesi. Biodiversitas. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d090410

Pelser, P.B., J.F. Barcelona & D.L. Nickrent (eds.). 2011 onwards. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines. www.philippineplants.org

Strong, D. R., Jr., & Ray, T. S. (1975). Host tree location behavior of a tropical vine (Monstera gigantea) by skototropism. Science, 190(4216), 804–806. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.190.4216.804

Sulaiman B & Mansor M (2005). Diversity of Aroids (Araceae) in Perlis State Park, Perlis In: Biodiversity and Management of State Park, Physical, Biological and Social Environments of Wang Mu287 – 292.

Sungkajanttranon, O., Marod, D., & Thanompun, K. (2018). Diversity and distribution of family Araceae in Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai province. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 52(2), 125–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anres.2018.06.009

Tam, S. M., Boyce, P. C., Upson, T. M., Barabé, D., Bruneau, A., Forest, F., & Parker, J. S. (2004). Intergeneric and infrafamilial phylogeny of subfamily Monsteroideae (Araceae) revealed by chloroplast trnL-F sequences. American Journal of Botany, 91(3), 490–498.

https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.91.3.490

Tsukaya, H., H. Okada, and M. Mohamed. 2004. A novel feature of structural variegation in leaves of the tropical plant Schismatoglottis calyptrata. Journal of Plant Research. 117: 477-480

Wong, S. Y., Tan, P. Z., Ng, K. K., Othman, A. S., Lee, H. B., Fasihuddin, B. A., & Boyce, P. C. (2013). Phylogeny of Asian Homalomena (Araceae) based on the ITS region combined with morphological and chemical data. Systematic Botany, 38(3), 589–599. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413X670430

Zuluaga, A., Llano, M., & Cameron, K. (2019). Systematics, biogeography and morphological character evolution of the hemiepiphytic subfamily Monsteroideae (Araceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 104(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.3417/2018269

Downloads

Published

2026-03-07

How to Cite

Mary Edmavette B. Lagua-Fuentes, & Edgar M. Anud Jr. (2026). EXPLORATION AND INVENTORY OF ARACEAE AT MT. BAGALBAL, PHILIPPINES. International Journal of Earth & Environmental Sciences (IJEES), 11(1), 58–76. https://doi.org/10.58885/ijees.v11i1.58.meblf

Metrics